By Andrew Johnson CSP, CHST, CRIS, AGC Safety Management Consultant
The roads are dangerous on even the nicest day, but in the winter, the dangers of driving can increase dramatically. According to the Department of Transportation, winter weather conditions are responsible for over 192,000 injuries and 2,200 deaths each year. Outside injury and loss of life, winter weather conditions are responsible for millions of dollars in property damage incidents.
Perhaps the deadliest danger of all is “black ice.” Black ice forms on a roadway, usually due to snow melting and re-freezing. Since it is almost invisible, drivers fail to recognize black ice conditions and may drive at normal speeds, often resulting in very serious accidents. Always be alert to the possibility of black ice when temperatures are near or below freezing. Pavement that looks dry but appears darker in color and dull-looking should alert you to the presence of black ice.
Failing to allow yourself enough time to stop is a major cause of winter driving accidents. During slippery conditions, stopping distances can triple. Driving slower, anticipating stops at traffic lights and intersections, and applying brakes sooner than usual will help ensure accident-free stops. When braking, brake carefully with short, rapid application of the brakes. Always allow plenty of extra space between you and other vehicles to minimize the need for quick stops.
Acceleration, turning, and passing also present dangers during winter. Accelerate slowly to avoid loss of traction and subsequent loss of control. Turn slowly, with caution, to avoid sliding into a stationary object or the path of an oncoming vehicle. Avoid sudden movements. Pass with care, because passing lanes are not maintained as well as driving lanes. Again, leave extra space between yourself and other vehicles so there’s room to maneuver in case something goes wrong. During a skid, steer cautiously in the direction you want the car to go.
Before the winter weather sets in you should prepare by first performing maintenance on your vehicle.
- Ensure your brakes, windshield wipers, defroster, heater, and exhaust system are in top condition.
- Check your tires. Ensure they are properly inflated and that the tread is in good condition.
Check your antifreeze level and have it tested to ensure it is ready for colder temperatures. - To prevent an icy windshield, you may need to add concentrated windshield washer fluid or change the fluid to a lower freezing-temperature fluid.
- Always carry chains. Make sure they are the proper size for your tires, are in working order, and you have learned how to install them.
The unexpected can and often does happen. Having the right tools and knowledge at your disposal can make all the difference when things happen that you weren’t expecting. It’s essential to be prepared for any unforeseen circumstances that may arise. A well-equipped emergency kit can make all the difference, whether it’s a sudden flat tire, getting stuck in the mud, or requiring a basic tool for quick fixes. Here is a list of essential items you should consider packing in your vehicle during winter.
- Jump starter with air compressor
- Recovery tow straps
- Ratchet straps
- Punctured tire repair kit
- Hatchet
- Folding hand saw
- Roll of duct tape
- Small folding shovel
- Wool socks and hat
- Leather gloves
- Wool blanket
- Mylar thermal blanket
- First aid kit
- Water purification method
- Paracord
- Small tarp
- Towel
- Ice scraper
- Spare car fuses
- Car escape tool
- Flashlight/headlamp
- Multi-tool
- Screwdrivers
- Needle nose pliers
- Adjustable wrench
- Tire pressure gauge
- Ferro rod or flint and steel
- Hard candy and honey packets
- Permanent marker
- Cash
- Fire extinguisher
- Snacks
- Medication
- Water
- Flares
- Paper map
If you happen to break down or become stranded while traveling, stay with your vehicle, contact help, clear any snow or ice from your lights and tailpipe, activate your flashers, run the vehicle long enough to stay warm but conserve fuel and don’t overexert your self-attempting to push or dig your vehicle if you happen to be stuck in the snow. Before departing on your trip, make sure you communicate with someone about your itinerary and the route you plan to take.
The best way to avoid an accident during winter is to avoid driving in dangerous conditions. If you absolutely must drive in bad weather conditions, travel main roads that have already been plowed and treated. If necessary, notify your supervisor to alert him or her that you will be late for work due to road conditions. Take your time getting to your destination.